Volume 18—Investment Banking & Brokerage

Industry-based Guidance on implementing

Climate-related Disclosures

June 2023

IFRS S2

IFRS

® Sustainability Disclosure Standard

International Sustainability Standards Board

This Industry-based Guidance accompanies IFRS S2 Climate related Disclosures (published

June 2023; see separate booklet) and is issued by the International Sustainability

Standards Board (ISSB).

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IFRS S2 CLIMATE-RELATED DISCLOSURES–JUNE 2023

Introduction

This volume is part of the Industry-based Guidance on Implementing IFRS S2 Climate-related

Disclosures. This guidance suggests possible ways to apply some of the disclosure requirements in

IFRS S2 but does not create additional requirements.

This volume suggests possible ways to identify, measure and disclose information about

climate-related risks and opportunities that are associated with particular business

models, economic activities and other common features that characterise participation in

this industry.

This industry-based guidance has been derived from Sustainability Accounting Standards

Board (SASB) Standards, which are maintained by the International Sustainability

Standards Board (ISSB). The metric codes used in SASB Standards have been included for

ease of reference. For additional context regarding the industry-based guidance contained

in this volume, including structure and terminology, application and illustrative

examples, refer to Section III of the Accompanying Guidance to IFRS S2.

IFRS S2 INDUSTRY-BASED GUIDANCE

Volume 18—Investment Banking & Brokerage

Industry Description

Investment Banking & Brokerage industry entities perform a wide range of functions in

the capital markets, including raising and allocating capital and providing market-

making and advisory services for corporations, financial institutions, governments and

high net-worth individuals. Specific activities include financial advisory and securities

underwriting services conducted on a fee basis; securities and commodities brokerage

activities, which involve buying and selling securities or commodities contracts and

options on a commission or fee basis; and trading and principal investment activities,

which involve the buying and selling of equities, fixed income, currencies, commodities

and other securities for client-driven and proprietary trading. Investment banks also

originate and securitise loans for infrastructure and other projects. Entities in the

industry generate revenues from global markets and, therefore, are exposed to various

regulatory regimes. The industry continues to face regulatory pressure to reform and

disclose aspects of operations that present systemic risks. Specifically, entities are facing

new capital requirements, stress testing, limits on proprietary trading and increased

scrutiny over compensation practices.

Note: This standard addresses ‘pure play’ investment banking and brokerage services.

Separate standards exist for the Mortgage Finance (FN-MF), Commercial Banking (FN-CB),

Consumer Finance (FN-CF), Asset Management & Custody Services (FN-AM), and Insurance

(FN-IN) industries.

Sustainability Disclosure Topics & Metrics

Table 1. Sustainability Disclosure Topics & Metrics

TOPIC

METRIC

CATEGORY

UNIT OF

MEASURE

CODE

(1) Number and (2) value of (a) underwriting, (b)

advisory, and (c) securitisation transactions 22

Quantitative

Number,

Presentation

currency

FN-IB-000.A

(1) Number and (2) value of proprietary investments and

loans by sector 23

Quantitative

Number,

Presentation

currency

FN-IB-000.B

(1) Number and (2) value of market making transactions

in (a) fixed income, (b) equity, (c) currency, (d)

derivatives, and (e) commodity products

Quantitative

Number,

Presentation

currency

FN-IB-000.C

Incorporation of Environmental, Social, and Governance Factors

in Investment Banking & Brokerage Activities

Topic Summary

Environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors may have material impacts on the

entities assets and projects across a range of industries to which investment banks

provide services or in which they invest. Therefore, by accounting for these factors in

underwriting, advisory, investing and lending activities, investment banks may manage

significant positive and negative environmental and social externalities effectively. The

potential for both value creation and loss associated with ESG factors suggests that

investment banking and brokerage entities have a responsibility to shareholders and

clients to consider these factors when analysing and valuing core products, including sell-

side research, advisory services, origination, underwriting and principal transactions.

Investment banking and brokerage entities that fail to manage these risks and

opportunities effectively may expose themselves to increased reputational and financial

risks. Appropriately pricing ESG risks may reduce investment banks’ financial risk

exposure, help generate additional revenue or open new market opportunities. To help

investors better understand how entities in the industry manage these issues, investment

banks should disclose how they incorporate ESG factors in their core products and

services.

Metrics

FN-IB-410a.1. Revenue from (1) underwriting, (2) advisory and (3) securitisation

transactions incorporating integration of environmental, social and governance

(ESG) factors, by industry

The entity shall report the total revenue earned from transactions in which the

entity incorporates integration of environmental, social and governance (ESG)

factors.

Note to FN-IB-000.A – For syndicate transactions, the entity shall include only the value for

which it was accountable.

Note to FN-IB-000.B – The entity shall use the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS) for

classifying investees and borrowers.

IFRS S2 INDUSTRY-BASED GUIDANCE

1.1

Integration of ESG factors is defined as the systematic and explicit

inclusion of material ESG factors into underwriting, advisory and

securitisation activities and may include review of transactions by the

entity’s Environmental and Social Risk Management (ESRM) group or

screening (exclusionary, inclusionary or benchmarked).

1.1.1

The entity shall describe how ESG factors are integrated in the

aforementioned activities.

The entity shall disaggregate the revenue from transactions by important business

activities including (a) underwriting, (b) advisory and (c) securitisation.

2.1

Underwriting is defined as activities in which the entity raises investment

capital from investors on behalf of corporations and governments that are

issuing either equity or debt securities. It includes public offerings and

private placements, including local and cross-border transactions and

acquisition financing of a wide range of securities and other financial

instruments, including loans. Underwriting also includes derivative

transactions entered into with public and private sector clients in

connection with the entity’s underwriting activities.

2.2

Advisory is defined as activities in which the entity provides financial

advice to institutional clients on a fee basis. It excludes wealth

management and asset management activities.

2.3

Securitisation is defined as the process through which the entity creates a

financial instrument by combining other financial assets and then

marketing different tiers of the repackaged instruments to investors. It

may include securitisation of residential and commercial mortgages,

corporate bonds, loans and other types of financial assets by selling these

assets to securitisation vehicles (for example, trusts, corporate entities and

limited liability entities) or through a re-securitisation.

The entity shall disaggregate the revenue from transactions by industry.

3.1

The entity shall use the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS) six-

digit industry-level code for classifying transactions.

3.1.1

The entity shall use the latest version of the classification system

available at the date of reporting.

3.1.2

The entity shall disclose the classification standard used if different

from GICS.

The entity shall provide disclosure for at least the 10 largest industries by

monetary amount of exposure or to industries representing at least 2% of the

overall monetary amount of exposure.

FN-IB-410a.2. (1) Number and (2) total value of investments and loans

incorporating integration of environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors,

by industry

The entity shall report the number of proprietary investments and loans

incorporating integration of environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors.

IFRS S2 CLIMATE-RELATED DISCLOSURES–JUNE 2023

The entity shall report the value of proprietary investments and loans

incorporating integration of ESG factors.

The disclosure scope includes the entity’s investing and relationship lending

activities across asset classes, including debt securities and loans, public and

private equity securities, infrastructure, and real estate. These activities include

investing directly in publicly and privately traded securities and in loans, and also

investing through some investment funds that the entity manages and through

funds managed by external parties.

3.1

The scope of disclosure excludes commercial, consumer and mortgage-

lending activities.

Integration of ESG factors is defined as the systematic and explicit inclusion of

material ESG factors into traditional fundamental financial analysis through the

consideration of qualitative risks and opportunities, quantitative metrics, and the

incorporation of ESG variables into models to inform the entity ’s decision-making

processes involved in proprietary investing and lending.

The entity shall break down the number and value of investments and loans by

industry.

5.1

The entity shall use the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS) six-

digit industry-level code for classifying investees and borrowers.

5.1.1

The entity shall use the latest version of the classification system

available at the date of reporting.

5.1.2

The entity shall disclose the classification standard used if different

from GICS.

5.2

The entity shall disclose its exposure to at least the 10 largest industries by

monetary amount of exposure or to industries representing at least 2% of

the overall portfolio monetary exposure.

FN-IB-410a.3. Description of approach to incorporation of environmental, social

and governance (ESG) factors in investment banking and brokerage activities

The entity shall describe its approach to incorporation of environmental, social

and governance (ESG) factors in its investment banking and brokerage activities.

1.1

The definition of incorporation of ESG factors is aligned with that of the

Global Sustainable Investment Alliance (GSIA) and includes the use of ESG

information in the investment decision-making processes.

1.2

Examples of ESG factors/issues are provided in the PRI Reporting Framework

—Main definitions 2018, section ‘ESG issues’.

1.3

The scope of investment banking and brokerage activities may include (a)

underwriting, (b) advisory, (c) securitisation, (d) investing and lending and

(e) securities services.

1.3.1

Underwriting is defined as activities in which the entity raises

investment capital from investors on behalf of entities that are

issuing either equity or debt securities. It includes public offerings

and

private

placements,

including

local

and

cross-border

IFRS S2 INDUSTRY-BASED GUIDANCE

transactions and acquisition financing of a wide range of securities

and other financial instruments, including loans. Underwriting

also includes derivative transactions entered into with public and

private sector clients in connection with the entity’s underwriting

activities.

1.3.2

Advisory is defined as activities in which the entity provides

financial advice to institutional clients on a fee basis.

1.3.3

Securitisation is defined as the process through which the entity

creates a financial instrument by combining other financial assets

and then marketing various tiers of the repackaged instruments to

investors. It may include securitisation of residential and

commercial mortgages, corporate bonds, loans and other types of

financial assets by selling these assets to securitisation vehicles (for

example, trusts, corporate entities and limited liability entities) or

through a re-securitisation.

1.3.4

Investing and lending includes short-term and long-term investing

and relationship lending activities across asset classes such as debt

securities and loans, public and private equity securities,

infrastructure, and real estate.

1.3.5

Securities services include (i) financing services (for the entity’s

clients’ securities trading activities through margin loans that are

collateralised by securities), (ii) securities lending services

(borrowing and lending securities to cover institutional clients’

short sales, borrowing securities to cover the entity’s short sales,

otherwise to making deliveries into the market, broker-to-broker

securities lending, and third-party agency lending activities), and

(iii) other prime brokerage services (clearing and settlement

services).

The entity shall describe its approach to implementation of the aspects of the

entity’s ESG incorporation practices.

2.1

The discussion shall include:

2.1.1

Parties responsible for day-to-day incorporation of ESG factors

2.1.2

Roles and responsibilities of employees involved

2.1.3

Approach to conducting ESG-related research

2.1.4

Approach to incorporating ESG factors into products and services

The entity shall describe its oversight/accountability approach to the

incorporation of ESG factors.

3.1

The discussion shall include:

3.1.1

Formal oversight individuals or bodies involved

3.1.2

Roles and responsibilities of employees involved

3.1.3

Criteria used in assessing the quality of ESG incorporation

IFRS S2 CLIMATE-RELATED DISCLOSURES–JUNE 2023

The entity shall discuss whether it conducts scenario analysis or modelling in

which the risk profile of future ESG trends is calculated across its investment

banking and brokerage activities.

4.1

Where relevant, the entity shall disclose whether such scenario analysis is

performed for specific business activities, including (a) underwriting, (b)

advisory, (c) securitisation, (d) investing and lending and (e) securities

services lines of business.

4.2

ESG trends may include climate change, natural resource constraints,

human capital risks and opportunities, and cybersecurity risks.

The entity shall discuss ESG trends that it considers apply broadly in terms of

their effect on sectors and industries, as well as trends it deems as sector- or

industry-specific.

5.1

The entity may further provide the discussion in the context of

geographical exposure of its portfolio, by line of business.

The entity shall describe significant concentrations of exposure to ESG factors,

which may include carbon-related assets, water-stressed regions and cybersecurity

risks.

The entity shall describe how it incorporates ESG factors in the assessment of, and

the entity’s perspectives on:

7.1

Traditional macroeconomic factors such as the economic conditions,

central bank monetary policy, industry trends and geopolitical risks that

affect risk profile of clients or individual transactions

7.2

Traditional microeconomic factors such as supply of and demand for

products or services which affect financial conditions and operational

results of clients as well as their creditworthiness

7.3

Time horizon of investments and loans

7.4

Risk and return profiles of investments and loans

7.5

Risk profiles of (a) underwritten debt and equity securities, (b) advisory

transactions (for example, mergers and acquisitions) and (c) securitised

assets.

The entity may disclose additional quantitative measures related to the

incorporation of ESG factors in investment banking and brokerage activities, such

as:

8.1

Number of investment banking and brokerage transactions screened

according to Equator Principles (EP III) (or equivalent) by EP Category

8.2

Number of investment banking and brokerage transactions for which a

review of environmental or social risks was performed, for example, by the

entity’s Environmental and Social Risk Management (ESRM) group.

IFRS S2 INDUSTRY-BASED GUIDANCE

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Canary Wharf

London E14 4HD, UK

Tel

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Email sustainability_licensing@ifrs.org

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Volume 18—Investment Banking & Brokerage

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